mrpotatomoto

What is that survivor certificate actually needed for?

Could you please clarify what you mean by "massless exploration"?

Do you think SpaceX's plans of Earth-to-Earth commercial rocket travel (e.g. traveling from one continent to another in 30 minutes) is at all realistic?

What's your favorite scifi novel related to first contact? (if you have such a favorite)

The Kardashev scale seems to assume that civilizations (and thus their energy requirements) will grow exponentially, from using an entire star's worth of energy to using an entire galaxy's worth of energy.

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What is the basis of this assumption? Is there any good reason why they would actually want to grow to galactic scales?